flowchart :

contoh program :

$limit		= 10;
$fibonacci	= "";
for($i=1;$i<=$limit;$i++){
	if($i == 1){
		$value[$i]=1;
	}else{
		$value[$i]=$value[$i-2] + $value[$i-1];
	}
	$fibonacci .= $value[$i]." ";
}
echo $fibonacci;

output :
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55

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flowchart :

contoh program :

$limit	= 6;
$pascal	= "";
for($i=1;$i<=$limit;$i++){
	for($j=1;<=$i;$j++){
		if($j==1 || $j==$i){
			$value[$i][$j] = 1;
		}else{
			$value[$i][$j] = $value[$i-1][$j] + $value[$i-1][$j-1];
		}
		$pascal .= $value[$i][$j]." ";
	}
	$pascal .= "
\n";
}
echo $pascal;

output :

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source : http://ngadimin.com/2009/07/11/instalasi-php-sebagai-fastcgi-di-nginx/

#! /bin/bash
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          php-fastcgi
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $all
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start and stop php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode
# Description:       Start and stop php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode
### END INIT INFO

# Author: Kurt Zankl

# Do NOT "set -e"

PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="php-cgi in external FASTCGI mode"
NAME=php-fastcgi
DAEMON=/usr/bin/php-cgi
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
PHP_CONFIG_FILE=/etc/php5/cgi/php.ini

# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0

# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME

# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh

# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions

# If the daemon is not enabled, give the user a warning and then exit,
# unless we are stopping the daemon
if [ "$START" != "yes" -a "$1" != "stop" ]; then
        log_warning_msg "To enable $NAME, edit /etc/default/$NAME and set START=yes"
        exit 0
fi

# Process configuration
export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
DAEMON_ARGS="-q -b $FCGI_HOST:$FCGI_PORT -c $PHP_CONFIG_FILE"

do_start()
{
        # Return
        #   0 if daemon has been started
        #   1 if daemon was already running
        #   2 if daemon could not be started
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
                || return 1
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON \
                --background --make-pidfile --chuid $EXEC_AS_USER --startas $DAEMON -- \
                $DAEMON_ARGS \
                || return 2

}

do_stop()
{
        # Return
        #   0 if daemon has been stopped
        #   1 if daemon was already stopped
        #   2 if daemon could not be stopped
        #   other if a failure occurred
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE > /dev/null # --name $DAEMON
        RETVAL="$?"
        [ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
        # Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
        # and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
        # If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
        # that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
        # needed by services started subsequently.  A last resort is to
        # sleep for some time.
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON
        [ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2
        # Many daemons don’t delete their pidfiles when they exit.
        rm -f $PIDFILE
        return "$RETVAL"
}

case "$1" in
  start)
        [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
        do_start
        case "$?" in
                0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
                2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
        esac
        ;;
  stop)
        [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
        do_stop
        case "$?" in
                0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
                2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
        esac
        ;;
  restart|force-reload)
        log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
        do_stop
        case "$?" in
          0|1)
                do_start
                case "$?" in
                        0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
                        1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
                        *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
                esac
                ;;
          *)
                # Failed to stop
                log_end_msg 1
                ;;
        esac
        ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
        exit 3
        ;;
esac

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Pada kesempatan kali ini saya akan memberikan satu contoh mudah dalam membuat captcha. Proses pertama adalah membuat satu file php yang berisi script berikut :

File : captcha.php

<?php
session_start();
$outputcharacters = 6;
$range = “2347ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRTVWXY”;
$i = 0;
while ($i < $outputcharacters)
{
$code .= substr($range, mt_rand(0, strlen($range)-1), 1);
$i++;
}
$_SESSION["security_code"] = $code;

//simple captcha just create image.
header(“Content-type: image/png”);

$im = imagecreate(60, 20);

// black background and orange text
$bg = imagecolorallocate($im, 0, 0, 0);
$textcolor = imagecolorallocate($im, 242, 193, 0);

// write the string at the middle
imagestring($im, 5, 3, 2, $code, $textcolor);
imagepng($im);
imagedestroy($im);

?>

File diatas akan dipakai untuk create-image-dynamic berdasarkan karakter2 yang ada pada variable range ($range) secara random yang kemudian di simpan pada session. Oleh karena itu, pada saat pengisian form at least kita harus menampilkan image-dinamic tersebut. Misalnya seperti ini :

File : index.php

<?php
echo ”
<form action=action.php method=post>
Pesan: <input type=text name=message><br>
<img src=captcha.php><br>
Security Code: <input id=security_code name=security_code type=text><br>
<input type=submit name=submit value=Submit>
</form>”;
?>

Sedangkan pada proses berikutnya adalah validasi session dengan kode yang dikirim.

File : action.php

<?php
session_start();

if( isset($_POST['submit']))
{
if(($_SESSION['security_code'] == $_POST['security_code']) && (!empty($_SESSION['security_code'])) )
{
echo ‘Terimakasih Pesan anda: “‘.$_POST['message'].’”‘;
}
else
{
echo ‘Sorry, anda memasukkan security code yang salah<br />’;
include “index.php”;
}
}
else
{
include “index.php”;
}
?>

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<?php

$list = array (
‘aaa,bbb,ccc,dddd’,
‘123,456,789′,
‘”aaa”,”bbb”‘
);

$fp = fopen(‘file.csv’, ‘w’);

foreach ($list as $line) {
fputcsv($fp, split(‘,’, $line));
}

fclose($fp);

?>

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formupload.php

<!– The data encoding type, enctype, MUST be specified as below –>
<form enctype=”multipart/form-data” action=”process.php” method=”POST”>
<!– MAX_FILE_SIZE must precede the file input field –>
<input type=”hidden” name=”MAX_FILE_SIZE” value=”30000″ />
<!– Name of input element determines name in $_FILES array –>
Send this file: <input name=”userfile” type=”file” />
<input type=”submit” value=”Send File” />
</form>

Fungsi dari hidden field MAX_FILE_SIZE adalah menyatakan kapasitas maksimal file yang akan di upload untuk dilakukan pengecekan oleh php nantinya.
Pastikan pada form terdapat attribute enctype=”multipart/form-data”, jika tidak proses upload tidak akan berjalan.

Dengan menggunakan script $_FILE pada PHP kita dapat mengetahui beberapa keterangan mengenai file yang di upload.
Keterangan yang didapat adalah sebagai berikut :

$_FILES['userfile']['name'] –> nama file yang diupload
$_FILES['userfile']['type'] –> tipe file yang diupload
$_FILES['userfile']['size'] –> ukuran file yang diupload
$_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'] –> nama file sementara(temporary) pada saat upload
$_FILES['userfile']['error'] –> kode error yang mungkin terjadi pada file yang diupload

Keterangan kode error jika :
0 -> tidak ada error ketika upload
1 -> kapasitas file melebihi yang ditentukan di php.ini(upload_max_filesize)
2 -> kapasitas file melebihi yang ditentukan di form html(MAX_FILE_SIZE)
3 -> file tidak ter upload semua(hanya terkirim sebagian)
4 -> tidak ada file yang di upload
6 -> file temporary tidak bisa ditemukan di server(bisa karena terhapus maupun cacat file)
7 -> gagal penyimpanan di server(bisa dikarenakan oleh permission dari server)

Berikut ini adalah contoh file untuk melakukan upload :

process.php

<?php

$uploaddir = ‘/var/www/uploads/’; //direktori upload file
$uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_FILES['userfile']['name']);

echo ‘<pre>’;
if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)) {
echo “sukses upload file!\n”;
} else {
echo “gagal upload file!\n”;
}

echo ‘Beberapa hasil debug:’;
print_r($_FILES);

print “</pre>”;

?>

Source : PHP Manual

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